SAP FI/CO Certification Sample Questions

Caution: more than one answer may be correct.
Please mark ALL correct answers.

Question:
Which of the following statements are correct?

A More than one chart of accounts can be created for each client
B The chart of accounts contains all the G/L accounts, vendor accounts and customer accounts
C More than one company code can be allocated to the same chart of accounts
D The chart of accounts controls all the customising settings in the R/3 system
E All accounts within a chart of accounts must have the same tax code

Question:
What status reports does Cash Management and forecasting include?

A. Cash management position
B. Liquidity forecast
C. Credit limit report
D. G/L account balances
E. Bill holdings

Question:
Which of the following are clearing procedures in accounts receivable?

A. Incoming payment
B. Down payment request
C. Credit memo
D. Transfer posting

Question:
When creating an Overhead Cost Order, the first order information which must be entered is:

A. Order status
B. Order type
C. Settlement type
D. Curreny
E. Classification code

Question:
When creating an Overhead Cost Order, the settlement rule must be entered in the control data.
Which settlement receivers are available for internal orders?

A. Cost center
B. Orders
C. General ledger accounts
D. Asset
E. Vendor

Question:
In Controlling, a distinction is made between master data, planning, actual data and the information system.
Which of the following master data belongs to Controlling?

A. G/L account
B. Work center
C. Cost center
D. Activity type
E. Supplier

Question:
Withing Overhead Cost Controlling activities are calculated. A Sender/Receiver relationship exists. However, not all Sender/Receiver combinations are allowed.
Which of the following combinations make business sense?

A. Sender. Cost Center, Order, Project
Receiver. Cost Center, Order, Project
B. Sender. Order
Receiver. Cost Center, Project
C Sender. Cost Center
Receiver. Cost Center, Order, Project, Cost Object

Question:
Period closing activities are also performed in Controlling. This is dependent on certain prerequisites. Which of the following are MINIMUM criteria before it makes sense to carry out period closing?

A. The posting period has been closed.
B. Materials have been withdrawn.
C. Personnel costs have been incurred.
D. Overhead has been incurred.
E. An order was closed.

SAP Financials

SAP Financials

It is a service that provides predictable financing. Being able to predict overall IT cost can help companies simply their budget. Other benefits of SAP Financials can include competitive finance rates, optimized cash flow and accelerated ROI. This service covers the entire SAP solution from hardware to implementation. this service give the entire information of the Company.

MySAP ERP Financials - New General Ledger

With the release of mySAP ERP, SAP introduced the New General Ledger (GL). The New GL contains a number of useful features including multiple ledger reporting and document splitting with all resulting data contained within the one module. The New GL also facilitates a faster closing process. In this online session, you will gain an understanding of the new features on offer and options for implementation.

Migrating to the New General Ledger in sap

Migrating to the New General Ledger: A Three-Phase Approach

By selecting the option to upgrade to SAP’s new mySAP ERP General Ledger (G/L) structure, you must understand this is a full-blownconsulting project, and it should be treated as such.

MySAP ERP 2005 comes with several new tools to help you migrate your financial records from the classic G/L structure to the new mySAP ERP G/L functionality. I’ll describe those tools and how they are used within the three-phase upgrade project you will need to execute. The migration tools, found in the 2005 IMG, consist of work lists, a migration plan, splitting simulation tools, and result reporting. The sidebar, “Upgrade Options,” has more information on your upgrade options by release.

When migrating to the new mySAP ERP G/L, keep in mind this important fact: The migration process is not just a plug-and-play modification that you can complete over a short period of time. This project requires several different project phases. Each phase — data migration, testing procedures, and final data certification — requires extensive planning, data verification, and final approval prior to beginning the next phase or completing the project.

SAP FICO minimal configuration for MM posting

There are many SAP Material Management (MM) learners who face the problem in their MM configuration learning process that they can’t post any MM document, even if their MM configuration has been done correctly. It is because they have lack of knowledge in configuring Financial & Controlling (FICO) module as they have never learned it specifically. It can be very frustrating to solve that problem. To help your learning process, we provide a collection of videos that show how to configure SAP FICO module to allow MM module posting. Learning process has never been this easy before.

Belajar SAP FI-CO (Financial dan Controlling)

Di dunia accounting, systems pelaporan pada dasarnya dibedakan menjadi 2 bagian besar; management accounting dan financial accounting. Dua-dua nya mempunyai objective yang berbeda dan cara pengukuran dan standard yang berbeda.
Management accounting (controlling) itu deal dengan systems performance, pengukuran seberapa efektif suatu systems. Standardnya ditentukan sendiri oleh user, terserah bagaimana user menghitung dan men-set up standardnya, bisa berbeda2 antara satu company dengan company yang lain.

Sedangkan financial accounting, adalah systems pelaporan keuangan yang nantinya akan diberikan kepada pihak ketiga. Kalo di sini, standardnya udah di tentukan, jadi bakalan sama cara penghitungannya di semua company.
Financial accounting sebagai alat komunikasi antar data keuangan/aktivitas perusahaan dengan pihak-pihak yang berkepentingan dengan data-data/aktivitas tersebut. Setiap perusahaan mempunyai Financial report yang bertujuan menyediakan informasi yang menyangkut posisi, keuangan, kinerja serta perubahan posisi keuangan suatu perusahaan yang bermanfaat bagi sejumlah besar pengguna informasi dalam pengambilan keputusan secara ekonomi. Financial report harus disiapkan secara periodik untuk pihak-pihak yang berkepentingan antara lain, masyarakat dan pemerintah, pemasok dan kreditur, pemilik, manajer perusahaan, investor, pelanggan dan karyawan.Kreditur menggunakan data keuangan untuk mengevaluasi kemampuan perusahaan dalam membayar kembali hutang dan bunganya. Pemilik perusahaan menggunakan data keuangan perusahaan untuk menaksir kondisi keuangan perusahaan dan memutuskan apakah sahamnya dijual atau ditahan. Sedangkan manajemen perusahaan memperhatikan dan memenuhi segala peraturan penyusunan laporan keuangan.

Sistem aplikasi SAP terdiri dari sejumlah modul yang terintegrasi penuh, dan menjangkau seluruh aspek dalam manajemen bisnis. Sistem SAP dikembangkan untuk memenuhi kebutuhan yang meningkat dari organisasi komersial maupun non-komersial yang menginginkan tercapainya efektivitas dan efisiensi dalam berorganisasi.

Modul-modul Financial dan Controlling yang terdapat didalam SAP sbb:
1. FI-Financial Accounting, Software bisnis SAP ditujukan untuk menyediakan pengukuran secara kontinu terhadap profitabilitas perusahaan. Modul FI juga mengukur kinerja keuangan perusahaan, berdasarkan pada data transaksi intenal maupun eksternal.Modul FI menyediakan dokumen keuangan yang mampu melacak (mengaudit) setiap angka yang terdapat dalam suatu laporan keuangan hingga ke data transaksi awalnya.
2. CO-Controlling, Fungsi dari modul CO adalah untuk mendukung empat kegiatan operasional: Pengendalian capital investment, Pengendalian aktivitas keuangan perusahaan, memonitor dan merencanakan pembayaran, Pengendalian pendanaan terhadap procurement, pengadaan dan penggunaan dana di setiap area, Pengendalian biaya dan profit berdasarkan semua aktivitas perusahaan
3. IM-Investment Management, Fungsi dari modul IM ini overlapping dengan fungsi yang dijalankan oleh modul TR, namun modul IM lebih spesifik ditujukan untuk menganalisis kebijakan investasi jangka panjang dan fixed assets dari perusahaan dan membantu manajemen dalam membuat keputusan.
4. EC-Enterprise Controlling, Tujuan dari modul EC adalah untuk memberikan akses bagi Enterprise Controller kepada Information Warehouse mengenai hal-hal berikut: Kondisi keuangan perusahaan- Hasil dari perencanaan dan pengendalian perusahaan, Investasi, Maintenance dari aset perusahaan, Akuisisi dan pengembangan SDM perusahaan, Kondisi pasar yang berkaitan dengan pengambilan keputusan, seperti ukuran pasar, market share, competitor performance, Faktor-faktor struktural dari proses bisnis, seperti struktur produksi, struktur biaya, financial accounting dan profitability analysis.
5.TR-Treasury, Modul TR berfungsi untuk mengintegrasikan antara cash management dan cash forecasting dengan aktivitas logistik dan transaksi keuangan.

Karena pentingnya fungsi dari financial accounting dan controlling tersebut di atas maka kami pandang perlu untuk mengadakan pelatihan SAP FI-CO yang murah dan dapat dijangkau bahkan pelatihan akan diadakan secara online.

How to became FI-CO Consultant Expert in 3 months

Banyak yang bertanya, berapa lama untuk menjadi consultant expert,
selalu saya bilang antara 3 sampai 6 bulan apabila anda punya
kesempatan dan kemauan.
saya ambil contoh, kenapa perusahaan menetapkan masa percobaan
selama 3 bulan? dan semua karyawan baru pasti akan berusaha segiat-
giatnya untuk bisa lolos masa 3 bulan tersebut. Kalau dalam 3 bulan
kok masih belum ngerti juga, berarti memang kesempatan yang
diberikan salah orang. :)
tapi kalau terlihat ada progress, maka biasanya di perpanjang sampai
6 bulan. Jadi inget dulu waktu pertama kali kerja di Starko, masa
percobaan sudah lewat tapi surat pengangkatan tak kunjung turun,
ternyata saya dalam 3 bulan pertama menjadi karyawan telaDan dan
juga menjadi karyawan telaTan :)

Kesempatan itu ada dua sementara kemauan cuma ada satu. kesempatan
mendapatkan ilmu dan kesempatan mengaplikasikannya. sedangkan
kemauan yah cuma kemauan untuk belajar. saya belum temuin orang yang
ngga punya kemauan untuk mengaplikasikan ilmunya alias mau
nganggur..hehehe

Nah, bagaimana untuk menjadi FI-CO COnsultant Expert dalam 3 bulan.
Berikut ini langkah-langkah yang harus ditempuh untuk dapat menjadi
FI-CO Consultant Expert

Month 1
Step 1 : Watch SAP Computer Based Training Video SAP
System Management - System Administration Basic & SAP System
Management - System Administration Basic Advanced User + CCMS
Step 2 : Study And Practice The Training Manual (9 set)
Step 3 : Watch SAP Computer Based Training Video Shipping
Clerk, SOP and Structure OP
Step 4 : Study And Practice The Training Manual AA, AP,
AR, CO-CCA, CO-IO, COPA, CO-PC and GL


Month 2
Step 5 : Walk Through SAP Q&A Material
Step 6 : Browse Configuration Quick Notes
Step 7 : Study The SAP Real-Life Blueprint Documentation
(AA, AP, AR, CO dan GL)

Month 3
Step 8 : Study The FI/CO Popular Interview Questions And
Answers
Step 9 : Tips To Behave Like An Experienced Consultant In
The Job With Other Consultants
Step 10 : Repeat All The Above Steps For Once
Step 11 : Now Consider Yourself As An Experienced SAP
Consultant And Start Applying For A SAP Job Using Our SAP FI/CO
Sample Resume!

Jadi, jangan lewatkan kesempatan emas untuk register "Watch SAP
Computer Based Training Video SAP System Management - System
Administration Basic & SAP System Management - System Administration
Basic" pada hari Jumat ini, karena itu Step 1 untuk menjadi Expert
di module SAP apa saja.

Nah, kemarin ada yang merasa dirinya "belum apa-apa", nih saya kasih
kisi-kisi Step 9... dua saja yah ..yang ada relevansinya dengan
tulisan saya ini.

"If you are struggling in FI module in front of others just tell
them you have been so busy with CO module for quite sometime that
you forget some of the FI module functions. If you are struggling in
CO module instead, tell them the other way around. This is a very
valid reason in SAP workplace which are even used by senior
consultants"

"Talk about the limitations on previous versions of SAP like 4.6c
and 3.0. This will give an impression that you have been in the
industry for quite sometime working with older versions of SAP. One
popular limitation in 3.0 is the menu style which is not the tree
view. It is like the conventional menu which appears on top of the
screen."

Nah sekarang kesempatan pertama sudah ada di depan mata, tinggal
kemauan anda untuk mau belajar yang harus di "cari".

Belajar SAP FI-CO (Financial dan Controlling)

Di dunia accounting, systems pelaporan pada dasarnya dibedakan menjadi 2 bagian besar; management accounting dan financial accounting. Dua-dua nya mempunyai objective yang berbeda dan cara pengukuran dan standard yang berbeda.
Management accounting (controlling) itu deal dengan systems performance, pengukuran seberapa efektif suatu systems. Standardnya ditentukan sendiri oleh user, terserah bagaimana user menghitung dan men-set up standardnya, bisa berbeda2 antara satu company dengan company yang lain.

Sedangkan financial accounting, adalah systems pelaporan keuangan yang nantinya akan diberikan kepada pihak ketiga. Kalo di sini, standardnya udah di tentukan, jadi bakalan sama cara penghitungannya di semua company.
Financial accounting sebagai alat komunikasi antar data keuangan/aktivitas perusahaan dengan pihak-pihak yang berkepentingan dengan data-data/aktivitas tersebut. Setiap perusahaan mempunyai Financial report yang bertujuan menyediakan informasi yang menyangkut posisi, keuangan, kinerja serta perubahan posisi keuangan suatu perusahaan yang bermanfaat bagi sejumlah besar pengguna informasi dalam pengambilan keputusan secara ekonomi. Financial report harus disiapkan secara periodik untuk pihak-pihak yang berkepentingan antara lain, masyarakat dan pemerintah, pemasok dan kreditur, pemilik, manajer perusahaan, investor, pelanggan dan karyawan.Kreditur menggunakan data keuangan untuk mengevaluasi kemampuan perusahaan dalam membayar kembali hutang dan bunganya. Pemilik perusahaan menggunakan data keuangan perusahaan untuk menaksir kondisi keuangan perusahaan dan memutuskan apakah sahamnya dijual atau ditahan. Sedangkan manajemen perusahaan memperhatikan dan memenuhi segala peraturan penyusunan laporan keuangan.

Sistem aplikasi SAP terdiri dari sejumlah modul yang terintegrasi penuh, dan menjangkau seluruh aspek dalam manajemen bisnis. Sistem SAP dikembangkan untuk memenuhi kebutuhan yang meningkat dari organisasi komersial maupun non-komersial yang menginginkan tercapainya efektivitas dan efisiensi dalam berorganisasi.

Modul-modul Financial dan Controlling yang terdapat didalam SAP sbb:
1. FI-Financial Accounting, Software bisnis SAP ditujukan untuk menyediakan pengukuran secara kontinu terhadap profitabilitas perusahaan. Modul FI juga mengukur kinerja keuangan perusahaan, berdasarkan pada data transaksi intenal maupun eksternal.Modul FI menyediakan dokumen keuangan yang mampu melacak (mengaudit) setiap angka yang terdapat dalam suatu laporan keuangan hingga ke data transaksi awalnya.
2. CO-Controlling, Fungsi dari modul CO adalah untuk mendukung empat kegiatan operasional: Pengendalian capital investment, Pengendalian aktivitas keuangan perusahaan, memonitor dan merencanakan pembayaran, Pengendalian pendanaan terhadap procurement, pengadaan dan penggunaan dana di setiap area, Pengendalian biaya dan profit berdasarkan semua aktivitas perusahaan
3. IM-Investment Management, Fungsi dari modul IM ini overlapping dengan fungsi yang dijalankan oleh modul TR, namun modul IM lebih spesifik ditujukan untuk menganalisis kebijakan investasi jangka panjang dan fixed assets dari perusahaan dan membantu manajemen dalam membuat keputusan.
4. EC-Enterprise Controlling, Tujuan dari modul EC adalah untuk memberikan akses bagi Enterprise Controller kepada Information Warehouse mengenai hal-hal berikut: Kondisi keuangan perusahaan- Hasil dari perencanaan dan pengendalian perusahaan, Investasi, Maintenance dari aset perusahaan, Akuisisi dan pengembangan SDM perusahaan, Kondisi pasar yang berkaitan dengan pengambilan keputusan, seperti ukuran pasar, market share, competitor performance, Faktor-faktor struktural dari proses bisnis, seperti struktur produksi, struktur biaya, financial accounting dan profitability analysis.
5.TR-Treasury, Modul TR berfungsi untuk mengintegrasikan antara cash management dan cash forecasting dengan aktivitas logistik dan transaksi keuangan.

Karena pentingnya fungsi dari financial accounting dan controlling tersebut di atas maka kami pandang perlu untuk mengadakan pelatihan SAP FI-CO yang murah dan dapat dijangkau bahkan pelatihan akan diadakan secara online.

Belajar SAP FI-CO (Financial dan Controlling)

Di dunia accounting, systems pelaporan pada dasarnya dibedakan menjadi 2 bagian besar; management accounting dan financial accounting. Dua-dua nya mempunyai objective yang berbeda dan cara pengukuran dan standard yang berbeda.
Management accounting (controlling) itu deal dengan systems performance, pengukuran seberapa efektif suatu systems. Standardnya ditentukan sendiri oleh user, terserah bagaimana user menghitung dan men-set up standardnya, bisa berbeda2 antara satu company dengan company yang lain.

Sedangkan financial accounting, adalah systems pelaporan keuangan yang nantinya akan diberikan kepada pihak ketiga. Kalo di sini, standardnya udah di tentukan, jadi bakalan sama cara penghitungannya di semua company.
Financial accounting sebagai alat komunikasi antar data keuangan/aktivitas perusahaan dengan pihak-pihak yang berkepentingan dengan data-data/aktivitas tersebut. Setiap perusahaan mempunyai Financial report yang bertujuan menyediakan informasi yang menyangkut posisi, keuangan, kinerja serta perubahan posisi keuangan suatu perusahaan yang bermanfaat bagi sejumlah besar pengguna informasi dalam pengambilan keputusan secara ekonomi. Financial report harus disiapkan secara periodik untuk pihak-pihak yang berkepentingan antara lain, masyarakat dan pemerintah, pemasok dan kreditur, pemilik, manajer perusahaan, investor, pelanggan dan karyawan.Kreditur menggunakan data keuangan untuk mengevaluasi kemampuan perusahaan dalam membayar kembali hutang dan bunganya. Pemilik perusahaan menggunakan data keuangan perusahaan untuk menaksir kondisi keuangan perusahaan dan memutuskan apakah sahamnya dijual atau ditahan. Sedangkan manajemen perusahaan memperhatikan dan memenuhi segala peraturan penyusunan laporan keuangan.

Sistem aplikasi SAP terdiri dari sejumlah modul yang terintegrasi penuh, dan menjangkau seluruh aspek dalam manajemen bisnis. Sistem SAP dikembangkan untuk memenuhi kebutuhan yang meningkat dari organisasi komersial maupun non-komersial yang menginginkan tercapainya efektivitas dan efisiensi dalam berorganisasi.

Modul-modul Financial dan Controlling yang terdapat didalam SAP sbb:
1. FI-Financial Accounting, Software bisnis SAP ditujukan untuk menyediakan pengukuran secara kontinu terhadap profitabilitas perusahaan. Modul FI juga mengukur kinerja keuangan perusahaan, berdasarkan pada data transaksi intenal maupun eksternal.Modul FI menyediakan dokumen keuangan yang mampu melacak (mengaudit) setiap angka yang terdapat dalam suatu laporan keuangan hingga ke data transaksi awalnya.
2. CO-Controlling, Fungsi dari modul CO adalah untuk mendukung empat kegiatan operasional: Pengendalian capital investment, Pengendalian aktivitas keuangan perusahaan, memonitor dan merencanakan pembayaran, Pengendalian pendanaan terhadap procurement, pengadaan dan penggunaan dana di setiap area, Pengendalian biaya dan profit berdasarkan semua aktivitas perusahaan
3. IM-Investment Management, Fungsi dari modul IM ini overlapping dengan fungsi yang dijalankan oleh modul TR, namun modul IM lebih spesifik ditujukan untuk menganalisis kebijakan investasi jangka panjang dan fixed assets dari perusahaan dan membantu manajemen dalam membuat keputusan.
4. EC-Enterprise Controlling, Tujuan dari modul EC adalah untuk memberikan akses bagi Enterprise Controller kepada Information Warehouse mengenai hal-hal berikut: Kondisi keuangan perusahaan- Hasil dari perencanaan dan pengendalian perusahaan, Investasi, Maintenance dari aset perusahaan, Akuisisi dan pengembangan SDM perusahaan, Kondisi pasar yang berkaitan dengan pengambilan keputusan, seperti ukuran pasar, market share, competitor performance, Faktor-faktor struktural dari proses bisnis, seperti struktur produksi, struktur biaya, financial accounting dan profitability analysis.
5.TR-Treasury, Modul TR berfungsi untuk mengintegrasikan antara cash management dan cash forecasting dengan aktivitas logistik dan transaksi keuangan.

Karena pentingnya fungsi dari financial accounting dan controlling tersebut di atas maka kami pandang perlu untuk mengadakan pelatihan SAP FI-CO yang murah dan dapat dijangkau bahkan pelatihan akan diadakan secara online.

What is SAP IDES ?

SAP IDES is a normal R/3 but with lots of DEMO data.

The system that contains several sample companies typifying relevant business processes. It is simple to use and has a variety of master and transaction data, and is used for demos, online/classroom training, and presentations. Potential customers use IDES to trial and test software via Internet.

SAP IDES – the "Internet Demonstration and Evaluation System" in the R/3 System, represents a model company. It consists of an international group with subsidiaries in several countries. IDES contains application data for various business scenarios that can be run in the SAP System. The business processes in the IDES system are designed to reflect real-life business requirements, and have access to many realistic characteristics. IDES uses easy-to-follow business scenarios to show you the comprehensive functions of the R/3 System. The focal point of IDES, however, is not the functionality itself, but the business processes and their integration.

IDES not only covers the Logistics area, but also Financials, and Human Resources. It demonstrates how the R/3 System is able to support practically all types of industries, from discrete production through to process industries, from engineering-to-order to repetitive manufacturing. However, IDES is not a sector-oriented model company. The individual processes are based on practice-oriented data for sectors such as Retailing or Banking. The IDES group manufactures products as diverse as elevators, motorcycles, and paints.

IDES is managed by SAP just as any regular business enterprise. SAP regularly updates the IDES data (master data, transaction data, and customizing). IDES also carry out period-end closing and plan with different time-horizons. Transaction data are generated to ensure that the information systems in all areas have access to realistic evaluation data. IDES are constantly implementing new, interesting business scenarios to highlight the very latest functions available in the R/3 System. New functions are represented and documented by IDES scenarios.

Above all, IDES shows you the possibilities of the integrated applications in the SAP System. IDES cover all aspects of a business enterprise, including Human Resources, Financial Accounting, Product Cost Planning, Overhead Management, Profitability Analysis, Planning, Sales and Distribution, Materials Management, Production, and much, much more. IDES have also integrated document administration and third-party CAD systems within the IDES system. This means that you can call up and display external documents, or access CAD drawings.

IDES shows you how the R/3 System supports production processes, the supply chain, and the efficient usage of global resources. Or perhaps you would like to increase your understanding of just-in-time-production or the integration of the electronic KANBAN system in an MRP II environment? IDES provides the ideal way to learn about areas such as Product Cost Controlling, Activity-Based Costing, or integrated Service Management and Plant Maintenance. How to manage high inflation is just one of the ever-growing number of IDES business scenarios that you can choose from.

SAP CO Module Other Configuration

Other configuration

After the Controlling Area, Number Ranges, and Plan Versions have been defined and maintained, then settings for the other components in the CO(Controlling) Module should be maintained. (Cost Center Accounting, Cost Element Accounting, Activity-Based Costing, Internal Orders, Product Cost Controlling, Profitability Analysis, and Profit Center Accounting. )

The Account Assignment Logic allows configuration for Validation and Substitution Rules whose purpose is to check certain input values as defined by the User.

More specifically, Validations allow for business transactions to either post or not post documents based on the criteria defined in the validation rule. Certain input conditions are checked as defined by the User and if those conditions are met then the document(s) are updated and/or posted in the system. If the condition is not met, then an error message is generated to the User with a brief explanation of the error. These messages are defined in Configuration and can be identified as a warning, error, or a note. You also have the option to deactivate messages.

Substitutions on the other hand, checks input values and replaces the values with another value if the criteria as defined is met.

Maintaining Currency and Valuation Profiles allows for the definition of valuation approaches to be used in accounting components . These valuation profiles are checked in the system when activated in the Controlling Area. Certain rules apply if there is a need to maintain the currency and valuation profiles: (1) Company Code Currency must be assigned to a legal valuation approach, (2) Valuation approaches must also be maintain in the material ledger, and (3) Profit Center valuations can only be maintained if you are using Profit Center Accounting.

The CO(Controlling)Module has multiple configuration steps that must be followed for complete implementation of this module. Each sub-component of the CO (Controlling) Module has it’s level of configuration requirements. Once you have defined your business needs in the Controlling Area, a determination can be made as to what should be configured and what you do not need.

We hope you have enjoyed reading this tutorial.

SAP CO Module Number Ranges

Number ranges

Configuration in the CO (Controlling) Modules requires maintenance of number ranges for documents generated from business transactions. A systems’ generated document number is assigned for every CO (Controlling) posting. These numbers are sequential and are required to be assigned to number range groups. The number range groups consists of two number intervals, one for internal document numbering and one for external document numbering. The SAP R/3 system keeps track of those document numbers that are externally generated and fed to SAP via batches and User manual input, otherwise, the system generates the next internally assigned document number for the transaction posted.

As previously stated when defining the Controlling Area, you have the ability to copy the Standard SAP Controlling Area “0001” which already has the number ranges defined eliminating the need for maintenance of number ranges. Keep in mind that you also have the flexibility to change number ranges and number range groups to meet your business needs. As a caution, never overlap number intervals in a group . For example, if you decide to assign number range interval 10000000 thru 199999999 to the number range group “05”, you can not assign it to number range group “06”. Number ranges should never be transported for data consistency purposes, therefore create these manually in each system.

Within the CO (Controlling) Module, you can configure Plan Versions. Maintaining Plan Versions allows for set-up of planning assumptions and determination of plan rates for allocation and plan activity purposes. The SAP Standard Version “000” is created for a five year fiscal year plan. It is recommended that the standard version be utilized for your plan/actual comparisons if you do not require multiple plan versions. SAP always allows the flexibility to create additional Plan versions by coping the Standard Version “000” and changing certain fields as required. There is also the option of defining and creating a totally new Plan Version.

SAP CO Module Configuration

Primary configuration considerations

There are several configuration steps that must be considered when implementing the CO (Controlling) Module. Creating the Controlling area is one of the first steps in the CO (Controlling) configuration process. SAP has provided standard controlling areas and company codes which can be utilized as a basis for creating your company’s Controlling Area. The SAP Standard for Controlling Area is “0001” and for company code is “0001”.

It is recommended that these be used as a basis to create the Controlling Area or Company Code that you would like to define . Certain defaults setting such as number ranges have already been set-up in the standard SAP settings, thereby eliminating the need to redo this configuration requirement. Through the SAP Configuration process, you can create a copy of the Standard Controlling Area and Company Code, then update the other fields as needed including the four character alpha numeric field which identifies these areas. (You may want to change the controlling area from “0001” to “A001” and the Company Code from “0001” to “ AA01” as an example.)

Keep in mind that Company Codes are assigned to Controlling Areas and affect the COA (Chart of Accounts), the Fiscal Year Variants, and Currency set-ups. Cost Center hierarchy and Reconciliation ledger settings are also include in the Controlling Area set-up.

The Control Indicator activates and deactivates certain functions in the Controlling Area. The Controlling Area can also be used for cross-company code business transactions. To enable this function the Controlling Area must be assigned to all company codes used for cross-company code accounting.

SAP CO Module Introduction

Introduction

The SAP CO (Controlling) Module provides supporting information to Management for the purpose of planning, reporting, as well as monitoring the operations of their business. Management decision-making can be achieved with the level of information provided by this module.

Some of the components of the CO(Controlling) Module are as follows:

· Cost Element Accounting

· Cost Center Accounting

· Internal Orders

· Activity-Based Costing ( ABC)

· Product Cost Controlling

· Profitability Analysis

· Profit Center Accounting

The Cost Element Accounting component provides information which includes the costs and revenue for an organization. These postings are automatically updated from FI (Financial Accounting) to CO (Controlling). The cost elements are the basis for cost accounting and enables the User the ability to display costs for each of the accounts that have been assigned to the cost element. Examples of accounts that can be assigned are Cost Centers, Internal Orders, WBS(work breakdown structures).

Cost Center Accounting provides information on the costs incurred by your business. Within SAP, you have the ability to assign Cost Centers to departments and /or Managers responsible for certain areas of the business as well as functional areas within your organization. Cost Centers can be created for such functional areas as Marketing, Purchasing, Human Resources, Finance, Facilities, Information Systems, Administrative Support, Legal, Shipping/Receiving, or even Quality.

Some of the benefits of Cost Center Accounting : (1) Managers can set Budget /Cost Center targets; (2) Cost Center visibility of functional departments/areas of your business; (3) Planning ; (4) Availability of Cost allocation methods; and (5) Assessments/Distribution of costs to other cost objects.

Internal Orders provide a means of tracking costs of a specific job , service, or task. Internal Orders are used as a method to collect those costs and business transactions related to the task. This level of monitoring can be very detailed but allows management the ability to review Internal Order activity for better-decision making purposes.

Activity-Based Costing allows a better definition of the source of costs to the process driving the cost. Activity-Based Costing enhances Cost Center Accounting in that it allows for a process-oriented and cross-functional view of your cost centers. It can also be used with Product Costing and Profitability Analysis.

Product Cost Controlling allows management the ability to analyze their product costs and to make decisions on the optimal price(s) to market their products. It is within this module of CO (Controlling) that planned, actual and target values are analyzed. Sub-components of the module are:

· Product Cost Planning which includes Material Costing( Cost estimates with Quantity structure, Cost estimates without quantity structure, Master data for Mixed Cost Estimates, Production lot Cost Estimates) , Price Updates, and Reference and Simulation Costing.

· Cost Object Controlling includes Product Cost by Period, Product Cost by Order, Product Costs by Sales Orders, Intangible Goods and Services, and CRM Service Processes.

· Actual Costing/Material Ledger includes Periodic Material valuation, Actual Costing, and Price Changes.

Profitability Analysis allows Management the ability to review information with respect to the company’s profit or contribution margin by business segment. Profitability Analysis can be obtained by the following methods:

· Account-Based Analysis which uses an account-based valuation approach. In this analysis, cost and revenue element accounts are used. These accounts can be reconciled with FI(Financial Accounting).

· Cost-Based Analysis uses a costing based valuation approach as defined by the User.

Profit Center Accounting provides visibility of an organization’s profit and losses by profit center. The methods which can be utilized for EC-PCA (Profit Center Accounting) are period accounting or by the cost-of-sales approach. Profit Centers can be set-up to identify product lines, divisions, geographical regions, offices, production sites or by functions. Profit Centers are used for Internal Control purposes enabling management the ability to review areas of responsibility within their organization. The difference between a Cost Center and a Profit Center is that the Cost Center represents individual costs incurred during a given period and Profit Centers contain the balances of costs and revenues.

SAP FI Module Integration Points

What are some of the integration points of the FI module?

SAP is marketed as a fully integrated system, therefore knowing some of the integration points enables the Users to better understand the Modules.

· Organization units are not only defined in FI(Financial Accounting) but also in other SAP Modules. The SD( Sales & Distribution) Module requires the set-up of Sales Organizations, Distribution Channels and Divisions ; Purchasing requires purchasing organizations, plants, and storage locations; and CO (Controlling) requires a Controlling area to be defined.

· To transfer data between FI(Financial Accounting) and CO (controlling) as well as other modules, a Company Code must be assigned to each of the Modules.

· Business Areas must be entered when generating business transactions if you would like visibility of those transactions impacting a certain BA(Business Area). You can also update your Master Records to include BA(Business Area) for example Cost Center.

· Document postings are automatically posted in the year and periods that you created in the Fiscal Year variant set-ups based on the month, start and end dates to which postings are allowed within a given period as defined.

· There are several integration points in SAP, the above lists a few .

We hope you have enjoyed reading this tutorial.

SAP FI Module More Configuration

More FI configuration considerations:

Business Area, COA, GL, Fiscal year and Currencies

Business Area is optional and is equivalent to a specific area of responsibility within your company or business segment. BA (Business Area) also allows for internal and external reporting.

Another configuration requirement for set-up in SAP are the Basic settings consisting of the following:

• Chart of Accounts(COA)
• Fiscal Year Variants.
• Currencies

The COA(Chart of Accounts) lists all General Ledger accounts that are used by the organization. It is assigned in configuration to each company code and allows for daily General Ledger postings.

The General Ledger accounts are made up of such data as account number, company code, a description of the account , classification of whether the account is a P & L Statement Account or a Balance Sheet Account.

• Control data of the GL Account is where currency is specified, Tax category (posting without tax allowed) , marking the account as a reconciliation account ( e.g. Customer, Asset, Vendors, Accounts Receivable) or not.
• Marking the G/L Account as a “reconciliation” account allows for postings to an Asset Account ( for example) as well as automatic update to the G/L Account.
• Configuration prevents direct postings to reconciliation accounts thereby assisting in maintaining integrity of the data.
• This allows reconciliation between the sub-ledger and general ledger to always be guaranteed.
• Within the General Ledger control data , you can also designate whether line item display is possible in the account. The system then stores an entry per line in an index table which links back to the account. (Display of line item details are then available for reporting purposes ,etc.)
• Open Item Indicators can be set on the G/L Account allowing for better management of open items. Examples include: Bank Clearing Accounts, GR/IR Clearing Accounts, Payroll, etc.

Fiscal Year configuration is a must and can be defined to meet your company’s reporting periods whether Fiscal (any period combination that is not calendar) or Calendar( Jan-Dec).

• Posting Periods are defined and assigned to the Fiscal Year.
• Within the periods you specify start dates and finished dates.
• SAP allows for 12 posting periods along with specially defined periods that can be used for year-end financial closing.

Currencies are another basic configuration setting requirement which defines your company’s legal means of payment by country.

• It is recommended that all Currency set-ups in SAP follow the ISO Standards.
• The ISO Standards ensure Global conformity across businesses worldwide utilizing SAP.

SAP FI Module Configuration

Primary configuration considerations:

Client, company and company code

Once a business has decided to use the SAP FI(Financial Accounting) Module, there are several Configurations prerequisite steps that must be completed.Determining the organizational structure is one of the first steps in setting up the business functions in SAP as well as your reporting requirements.

The Organizational structure is created by defining the organizational units consisting of the following:

• Client
• Company
• Company Code
• Business Area

A Client is the highest unit within an SAP system and contains Master records and Tables. Data entered at this level are valid for all company code data and organizational structures allowing for data consistency. User access and authorizations are assigned to each client created. Users must specify which client they are working in at the point of logon to the SAP system.

A Company is the unit to which your financial statements are created and can have one to many company codes assigned to it. A company is equivalent to your legal business organization. Consolidated financial statements are based on the company’s financial statements. Companies are defined in configuration and assigned to company codes. Each company code must use the same COA( Chart of Accounts) and Fiscal Year. Also note that local currency for the company can be different.

Company Codes are the smallest unit within your organizational structure and is used for internal and external reporting purposes. Company Codes are not optional within SAP and are required to be defined. Financial transactions are viewed at the company code level. Company Codes can be created for any business organization whether national or international. It is recommended that once a Company Code has been defined in Configuration with all the required settings then other company codes later created should be copied from the existing company code. You can then make changes as needed. This reduces repetitive input of information that does not change from company code to company code as well as eliminate the possibility of missed data input.

When defining company codes, the following key areas must be updated:

• Company Code Key- identifies the company code and consists of four alpha-numeric characters. Master data and business transactions are created by this key.

• Company Code Name- identifies the name of the business organization within your organizational structure.

• Address- identifies the street address, city, state, zip code for the company code created. This information is also used on correspondence and reports.

• Country- identifies the country to which your business is based. Country codes within SAP are based on ISO Standards.

• Country currency- identifies the local currency for the company code that you have defined.

• Language- identifies the language to be used for you company code and is also used for text in your documents. SAP unlike other applications, offers over thirty languages including EN( English) , ES (Spanish), FR (French), DE (German), EL (Greek), IT(Italian), AR( Arabic), ZH (Chinese) , SV (Swedish) , and JA (Japanese) to name a few.

SAP FI Module Introduction

Introduction

The SAP FI Module has the capability of meeting all the accounting and financial needs of an organization. It is within this module that Financial Managers as well as other Managers within your business can review the financial position of the company in real time as compared to legacy systems which often times require overnight updates before financial statements can be generated and run for management review.

The real-time functionality of the SAP modules allows for better decision making and strategic planning. The FI (Financial Accounting) Module integrates with other SAP Modules such as MM (Materials Management), PP (Production Planning), SD(Sales and Distribution), PM (Plant Maintenance),and PS (Project Systems).

The FI Module also integrates with HR(Human Resources) which includes PM(Personnel Management), Time Management, Travel Management, Payroll.Document transactions occurring within the specific modules generate account postings via account determination tables.

The FI (Financial Accounting) Module components.

The FI Module comprises several sub-modules as follows:

• Accounts Receivables
• Accounts Payable
• Asset Accounting
• Bank Accounting
• Consolidation
• Funds Management
• General Ledger
• Special Purpose Ledger
• Travel Management

Accounts Receivables records all account postings generated as a result of Customer sales activity.

These postings are automatically updated in the General Ledger . It is within the Accounts

Receivables Module that you can monitor aging of the receivables and generate customer analysis. The Accounts Receivable Module also integrates with the General ledger, Sales and Distribution, and Cash Management Modules.

Accounts Payable records account postings generated as a result of Vendor purchasing activity. Automatic postings are generated in the General Ledger as well. Payment programs within SAP enables the payment of payable documents by check, EDI, or transfers.

Asset Accounting is utilized for managing your company’s Fixed Assets. SAP allows you to categorize assets and to set values for depreciation calculations in each asset class.

Bank Accounting allows for management of bank transactions in the system including cash management.

Consolidation enables the combining of financial statements for multiple entities within an organization. These statements provide an overview of the financial position of the company as a whole.

Funds Management allows management to set budgets for revenues and expenses within your company as well as track these to the area of responsibility.

General Ledger is fully integrated with the other SAP Modules. It is within the General Ledger that all accounting postings are recorded. These postings are displayed in real-time providing up-to-date visibility of the financial accounts.

Special Purpose Ledger is used to define ledgers for reporting purposes. Data can be gathered from internal and external applications.

Travel Management provides management of all travel activities including booking trips and handling of expenses associated with travel.

SAP Finance Tables(FICO Tables)

AGKO Cleared Accounts

ANAR Asset Types

ANAT Asset type text

ANEK Document Header Asset Posting

ANEP Asset Line Items

ANEV Asset downpymt settlement

ANKT Asset classes- Description

ANLA Asset Master Record Segment

ANLB Depreciation terms

ANLC Asset Value Fields

ANLH Main asset number

AT02T Transaction Activity Category- Description

AT02A Transaction Code for Menu TIMN

AT10 Transaction type

AT10T Name of Transaction Type

BKDF Document Header Supplement for Recurring Entry

BKORM Accounting Correspondence Requests

BKPF Accounting Document Header

BLPK Document log header

BLPP Document log item

BLPR Document Log Index and Planned Order (Backflush)

BNKA Bank master record

BP000 Business Partner Master (General Data)

BPBK Doc.Header Controlling Obj.

BPEG Line Item Total Values Controlling Obj.

BPEJ Line Item Annual Values Controlling Obj.

BPEP Line Item Period Values Controlling Obj.

BPGE Totals Record for Total Value Controlling obj.

BPJA Totals Record for Annual Total Controlling Obj.

BSAD Accounting- Secondary Index for Customers (Cleared Items)

BSAK Accounting- Secondary Index for Vendors (Cleared Items)

BSAS Accounting- Secondary Index for G/L Accounts (Cleared Items)

BSEC One-Time Account Data Document Segment

BSEG Accounting Document Segment

BSID Accounting- Secondary Index for Customers

BSIK Accounting- Secondary Index for Vendors

BSIM Secondary Index, Documents for Material

BSIS Accounting- Secondary Index for G/L Accounts

CEPC Profit Center Master Data Table

CEPCT Texts for Profit Center Master Data

COBRA Settlement Rule for Order Settlement

COBRB Distribution Rules Settlement Rule Order Settlement

COKA CO Object- Control Data for Cost Elements

COSP CO Object- Cost Totals for External Postings

COSS CO Object- Cost Totals for Internal Postings

CRCO Assignment of Work Center to Cost Center

CSKA Cost Elements (Data Dependent on Chart of Accounts)

CSKB Cost Elements (Data Dependent on Controlling Area)

CSLA Activity master

FEBEP Electronic Bank Statement Line Items

FPLA Billing Plan

FPLT Billing Plan- Dates

GLPCT EC-PCA- Totals Table

KNA1 General Data in Customer Master

KOMK Pricing Communication Header

MAHNV Management Records for the Dunning Program

REGUT TemSe - Administration Data

SKA1 G/L Account Master (Chart of Accounts)

SKAT G/L Account Master Record (Chart of Accounts- Description)

SKB1 G/L account master (company code)

T003T Document Type Texts

T007S Tax Code Names

T087J Text

TAPRFT Text tab. for investment profile

TKA01 Controlling Areas

TKA09 Basic Settings for Versions

TKVS CO Versions

TZB0T Flow types text table

TZPAT Financial Assets Management product type texts

VBSEGS Document Segment for G/L Accounts Document Parking

VTBFHA Transaction

VTBFHAPO Transaction Flow

VTBFHAZU Transaction Activity

VTBFINKO Transaction Condition

VTIDERI Master Data Listed Options and Futures

VTIFHA Underlying transaction

VTIFHAPO Underlying transaction flows

VTIFHAZU Underlying transaction status table

VTIOF Options Additional Data

VWPANLA Asset master for securities

SAP Transaction Code(TCode) For AA Asset Status Reconciliation

EWA9 EWURA001 AA Asset Status Reconciliation

SAP Transaction Code(TCode) For AA Balances Reconciliation

EWA8 EWURA001 AA Balances Reconciliation

SAP Transaction Code(TCode) For AA Totals Record Reconciliation

EWA7 EWURA001 AA Totals Record Reconciliation

SAP Transaction Code(TCode) For Reconcil. of critical FI-AA documts

EWA3 RAEWUC0P Reconcil. of critical FI-AA documts

SAP Transaction Code(TCode) For FI-AA: Asset before&after compariso

EWA2 RAEWAS0B FI-AA: Asset before&after compariso

SAP Transaction Code(TCode) For FI-AA: Analysis of assets w/errors

EWA1 RAT08401 FI-AA: Analysis of assets w/errors

SAP Transaction Code(TCode) For EMU Conv: RE Load CO Objects

EWA0 EWUCOOLI EMU Conv: RE Load CO Objects

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SAP Financial Accounting (FI) Taxes (FI-AP/AR) Transaction Codes for Classic Withholding Tax

Transaction Code	Action
J1INC	Post withholding tax on invoices
J1I8	Enter remittance challans
J1ICCERT	Print withholding tax certificates for vendors
J1ICOTV	Print withholding tax certificates for onetime vendors
J1ICREP	Reprint withholding tax certificates
J1ICREP	Cancel withholding tax certificates
J1INEFILE	Prepare TDS returns
J1IHBK	Copy bank IDs from invoice to TDS document
J2ID	Archive TDS documents
J2IE	Display archived TDS documents

SAP Financial Accounting (FI) Taxes (FI-AP/AR) Archive Overview

Use

You use this report to find out where you have archived a tax deducted at source (TDS) document.

Features

Selection

On the selection screen, you specify which TDS documents you want to view. You can make your selection by vendor, business area, and TDS certificate number.

Activities

To access the report, from the SAP Easy Access screen, choose Accounting ® Financial Accounting ® Accounts Payable ® Withholding Tax ® India ® Withholding Tax ® Utilities ® View Archived Documents.

SAP Financial Accounting (FI) Taxes (FI-AP/AR) Reloading TDS Documents

1. From the SAP Easy Access screen, choose Accounting ® Financial Accounting ® Accounts Payable ® Withholding Tax ® India ® Withholding Tax ® Utilities ® Archive Documents.

In the Object Name field, the system displays the name of the archiving object, J_1ITDS.

2. Choose Reload.
3. Enter data as follows:

• Variant

Enter the report variant that you want to use. You can create a variant if you need to.

• User Name

Enter the name of user who will reload the data.

4. To specify what archive file you want to reload the documents from, choose Archive Selection.
5. To specify when to start the report, choose Start Date.
6. To enter the print parameters, choose Spool Params.
7. Choose .

SAP Financial Accounting (FI) Taxes (FI-AP/AR) Deleting TDS Documents

1. From the SAP Easy Access screen, choose Accounting ® Financial Accounting ® Accounts Payable ® Withholding Tax ® India ® Withholding Tax ® Utilities ® Archive Documents.

In the Object Name field, the system displays the name of the archiving object, J_1ITDS.

2. Choose Delete.
3. In the User Name field, enter the name of user who will delete the documents.
4. Select Test Run if you do not want to run the report in update mode.

This will report any inconsistencies between the table data and the archive file that can be fixed.

5. To specify what archive file you want to delete the documents for, choose Archive selection.
6. To specify when to start the report, choose Start Date.
7. To enter the print parameters, choose Spool Params.
8. Choose .

SAP Financial Accounting (FI) Taxes (FI-AP/AR) Creating an Archive Report Variant

1. Choose Maintain.
2. Enter a variant name of your choice.
3. Choose Create.
4. Specify which certificates you want to archive and enter other data as required:

• Create

Specifies that the program will run in update mode.

• Delete in test mode

Select this for test runs.

• Package

Enter the optimum package size.

• Comments

Enter any comments for your own reference.

5. Choose Attributes.
6. Enter data as required.
7. Save the variant.
8. Go back to the Archive Management: Create Archive Files screen.

SAP Financial Accounting (FI) Taxes (FI-AP/AR) Archiving TDS Documents

1. From the SAP Easy Access screen, choose Accounting ® Financial Accounting ® Accounts Payable ® Withholding Tax ® India ® Withholding Tax ® Utilities ® Archive Documents.

In the Object Name field, the system displays the name of the archiving object, J_1ITDS.

2. Choose Archive.
3. Enter data as follows:

• Variant

Enter the report variant that you want to use. You can create a variant if you need to.

• User Name

Enter the name of user who will archive the data.

4. To specify when to start the report, choose Start Date.
5. To enter the print parameters, choose Spool Params.
6. Choose .

SAP Financial Accounting (FI) Taxes (FI-AP/AR) Archiving of TDS Documents

Use

You use these functions to archive documents for tax deducted at source (TDS). For more information about archiving, see Introduction to Data Archiving.

Prerequisites

Before you can archive this data, you must have archived the related data form Financial Accounting (FI) and Material Management (MM).

Features

The TDS documents are archived using archiving object J_1ITDS, which is supplied with Country Version India (CIN). It is used for archiving the data in tables J_1ITDS and J_1ICERTIF.

Once you have archived the TDS documents, you must delete the originals from the database. Once you have deleted the originals, you can reload them from the archive file. Finally, you can also analyze them.

SAP Financial Accounting (FI) Taxes (FI-AP/AR) Cancel Certificates

Use

You use this program to cancel TDS certificates.

To access the program, from the SAP Easy Access screen, choose Accounting ® Financial Accounting ® Accounts Payable ® Withholding Tax ® India ® Withholding Tax ® Certificates ® Cancel.

Features

Selection

Enter data as required, including the number of the certificate that you want to cancel.

Output

The system marks the certificate as canceled. It does not delete it from the database.

SAP Financial Accounting (FI) Taxes (FI-AP/AR) Reprint Certificates

Use

You use this program to reprint TDS certificates.

To access the program, from the SAP Easy Access screen, choose Accounting ® Financial Accounting ® Accounts Payable ® Withholding Tax ® India ® Withholding Tax ® Certificates ® Reprint.

Features

Selection

On the selection screen, enter the numbers of the certificates that you want to reprint and the details of the signatory.

Output

The system prints the certificates. Each certificate is marked as a duplicate.

SAP Financial Accounting (FI) Taxes (FI-AP/AR) Print Certificates

Use

You use this program to print TDS certificates for your vendors (individually or in batches). It covers the TDS in all the invoices and down payments that you have posted over a specified period.

To access the program, from the SAP Easy Access screen, choose Accounting ® Financial Accounting ® Accounts Payable ® Withholding Tax ® India ® Withholding Tax ® Certificates ® Print ® Vendors.

There is a separate print program for one-time vendors, which you can access from the SAP Easy Access screen, by choosing Accounting ® Financial Accounting ® Accounts Payable ® Withholding Tax ® India ® Withholding Tax ® Certificates ® Print ® One-Time Vendors.

Prerequisites

You have already remitted the TDS to the government and recorded the challan number in the transactions concerned (see Update of Challans). Only transactions with a challan number can be included in certificates.

The certificate printing program uses SAPscript form J_1ITDSCERT. If there are some changes in the certificate format this layout set can be changed accordingly.

If the certificates are to be divided by business area, with a unique number range per business area, you must have maintained the sections as a combination of section and business area, so for business area 0001 and section 194C, you could maintain the section as 194C0001, for example.

Features

Selection

Enter data as required, including:

• The dates of the transactions that are to be covered in the certificate
• Withholding tax section

If you enter the business area in combination with the section, it must also be used in all other transactions involving this certificate, including annual returns.

Output

If you select the preview option, the system displays a certificate without any certificate number. The number will be assigned only when the certificate is actually printed directly (not from the print preview).

A summary of all the certificates is printed at the end, summarized by certificate and challan number.